Inaspettato intervento di aggiornamento delle linee guida americane per l’utilizzo della terapia antiretrovirale in adulti: non utilizzare tenofovir + didanosina + un NNRTI in pazienti naive e via libera al lopinavir/rtv (Kaletra) in regimi “once a day”, ma solo su pazienti naive. In tutti i pazienti che assumono efavirenz, nevirapina, amprenavir, fosamprenavir e nelfinavir il Kaletra va somministrato “due volte al giorno”The Panel recommends that a regimen containing “tenofovir + didanosine + NNRTI” should not be used as an initial regimen in antiretroviral treatment-naive patients.
This recommendation is based on results from several small observational studies and pilot clinical trials showing a high rate of early virologic failure in treatment-naive patients who received this combination as their initial regimen. Emergence of resistant mutations to NNRTIs and to tenofovir and/or didanosine (K65R or L74V mutations) was frequently seen in patients who failed to respond to this combination.1-4 Of note, patients with high baseline HIV-RNA (>100,000 copies/mL) and low CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) were particularly at risk of early virologic failure. There are not enough data for the combination of tenofovir/didanosine with protease inhibitor in treatment-naive patients to assess virologic responses of this regimen, thus, there is no recommendation for or against the use of this combination at this time.
The Panel recommends that lopinavir/ritonavir can be dosed as one single-daily dose (6 capsules or 10 mL — equivalent to 800 mg lopinavir/200 mg ritonavir) in treatment-naive patients.
Once-daily dosing is not recommended in treatment-experienced patients or in patients receiving concomitant efavirenz, nevirapine, amprenavir (or fosamprenavir), or nelfinavir.
This recommendation is based on 48-week data from two clinical trials comparing once vs. twice daily lopinavir/ritonavir, used in combination with tenofovir + emtricitabine in treatment-naive patients, demonstrating similar virologic responses in both treatment arms.
Once-daily dosing has not been studied in treatment-experienced patients. In the pharmacokinetic study, the trough concentration of lopinavir at the end of a 24 hour dosing interval was found to be approximately 60% lower than with twice daily dosing. Given the lower trough concentration and no clinical trial data in treatment-experienced patients, once daily dosing is currently not recommended in these patients.
It is also important to note that moderate to severe diarrhea were reported significantly more frequently in subjects who received once daily lopinavir/ritonavir as compared to twice daily dosing (16% vs. 5% respectively).
Fonte: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/adult/AA_040705_onePageUpdate.pdf